Semiconductor processing methods and semiconductor defect detection methods

ABSTRACT

Semiconductor processing methods and defect detection methods are described. In one embodiment, a semiconductor wafer in process is provided and a material is formed or deposited over the wafer. The material is discernably deposited over defective wafer surface areas and not appreciably deposited over non-defective wafer surface areas. Subsequently, the wafer surface areas are inspected to identify defective areas. In another embodiment, a substrate is provided having an exposed region containing surface defects. A defect-highlighting material is substantially selectively deposited over surface defects and not appreciably over other exposed regions. The substrate is subsequently inspected for the deposited defect-highlighting material. In yet another embodiment, a dielectric layer is formed over a substrate outer surface and the substrate is processed in a manner which can give rise to a plurality of randomly-distributed dielectric layer features. A silicon-containing material is substantially selectively deposited and received over the randomly distributed dielectric layer features and not over other substrate areas. The substrate is subsequently inspected for the selectively-deposited silicon containing material.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to semiconductor processing methods and semiconductor defect detection methods.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Semiconductor processing typically includes forming a plurality of layers over a substrate such as a monocrystalline silicon wafer. During processing, the layers are typically etched into and formed to include various integrated circuit components such as conductive lines, transistor gate lines, resistors, capacitors, and the like. During processing, anomalies in the various layers can occur which can adversely affect the finished device. Yet, it is often not possible to detect such anomalies until a finished device is electronically tested. Anomalies or defects can be caused by mechanical and/or chemical sources.

[0003] For example, sometimes during the handling of a wafer in process, the wafer handling apparatus can cause a physical surface defect which can adversely impact a finished device. Alternately, some aspects of chemical processing can adversely affect various layers of the wafer. If a number of such devices are contemporaneously fabricated, anomalies or defects which present themselves early in the processing can have an effect which promulgates its way through all of the devices. Yet, early detection of such anomalies could allow for preventative measures to be taken. An exemplary layer which can be adversely affected during processing by such anomalies or defects is a gate oxide layer for a transistor. Accordingly, it would be desirable to be able to determine the presence of anomalies or defects, midstream during the processing flow.

[0004] This invention arose out of concerns associated with providing improved methods of semiconductor processing, and in particular, improved methods of semiconductor defect detection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Semiconductor processing methods and defect detection methods are described. In one embodiment, a semiconductor wafer in process is provided and a material is formed or deposited over the wafer. The material is discernably deposited over defective wafer surface areas and not appreciably deposited over nondefective wafer surface areas. Subsequently, the wafer surface areas are inspected to identify defective areas. In another embodiment, a substrate is provided having an exposed region containing surface defects. A defect-highlighting material is substantially selectively deposited over surface defects and not appreciably over other exposed regions. The substrate is subsequently inspected for the deposited defect-highlighting material. In yet another embodiment, a dielectric layer is formed over a substrate outer surface and the substrate is processed in a manner which can give rise to a plurality of randomly-distributed dielectric layer features. A silicon-containing material is substantially selectively deposited and received over the randomly-distributed dielectric layer features and not over other substrate areas. The substrate is subsequently inspected for the selectively-deposited silicon-containing material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the following accompanying drawings.

[0007]FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side sectional view of a semiconductor wafer fragment in process in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.

[0008]FIG. 2 is a view of the FIG. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that which is shown in FIG. 1.

[0009]FIG. 3 is a view of the FIG. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that which is shown in FIG. 2.

[0010]FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the FIG. 3 wafer fragment.

[0011]FIG. 5 is an enlarged view similar to that of FIG. 4.

[0012]FIG. 6 is a view of the FIG. 4 wafer fragment portion at a processing step which is subsequent to that which is shown in FIG. 4.

[0013]FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a portion of a semiconductor wafer in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] This disclosure of the invention is submitted in furtherance of the constitutional purposes of the U.S. Patent Laws “to promote the progress of science and useful arts” (Article 1, Section 8).

[0015] Referring to FIG. 1, a semiconductor wafer fragment in process is shown generally at 10 and includes semiconductive substrate 12. In the context of this document, the term “semiconductive substrate” is defined to mean any construction comprising semiconductive material, including, but not limited to, bulk semiconductive materials such as a semiconductive wafer (either alone or in assemblies comprising other materials thereon), and semiconductive material layers (either alone or in assemblies comprising other materials). The term “substrate” refers to any supporting structure, including, but not limited to, the semiconductive substrates described above.

[0016] Referring to FIG. 2, a material layer 14 is formed over substrate 12 and includes an outer surface 16. In one embodiment, layer 14 comprises an insulative material. Exemplary materials include various nitrides. In another embodiment, layer 14 comprises an oxide layer. In a more preferred embodiment, layer 16 comprises a gate oxide layer for a transistor which is to be subsequently formed.

[0017] Referring to FIG. 3, exposed regions of outer surface 16 are seen to include a plurality of features 18. In one embodiment, features 18 comprise surface defects which are desired to be identified. Such surface defects can be caused by processing the substrate in a manner which can give rise to them, as through mechanical processing, chemical processing, and/or combinations of both.

[0018] In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of randomly-distributed features are undesirably provided within layer 14. An undesirable aspect of features 18 is that, in the past, they have been difficult, if not impossible to identify during processing of the semiconductor wafer. That is, not only can such features be impossible to visually identify, but often times will not show up when magnified as by a scanning electron micrograph. Hence, such features are normally only identified inferentially by the impact they have on the operation of a finished device. Needless to say, this is highly undesirable, inconvenient and costly.

[0019] Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, FIG. 4 shows an enlarged portion of a defect 18 from FIG. 3. For illustrative purposes only, defect 18 is shown to be received within layer 14 and can exemplify a mechanical defect. The defect could, by way of example only, be a projection from the outer wafer surface. FIG. 5 shows a different type of defect at 20 and can exemplify a defect which is crystallographic, contaminant, or chemical in nature.

[0020] Referring to FIG. 6, a material 22 is deposited over the wafer and, in particular, over defect 18. Preferably, material 22 is discernably deposited over defective wafer surface areas and not appreciably deposited over nondefective wafer surface areas, such as surface areas 24. In one embodiment, the depositing of material 22 comprises chemical vapor depositing a silicon-containing material. In another, more preferred embodiment, the depositing of material 22 comprises chemical vapor depositing polysilicon.

[0021] Alternately considered, material 22 constitutes a defect-highlighting material which is deposited substantially selectively over surface defects and not appreciably over other exposed regions. In the context of this document, “substantially selective” or “substantially selectively” denotes deposition over one region as compared to another to a thickness ratio greater than or equal to 5:1.

[0022] In another embodiment, material 22 constitutes a crystallographic-defect-identifying layer which is formed over the semiconductor wafer. After formation, the wafer can be inspected for crystallographic defects which are set off by the layer. Crystallographic defects can include point defects, line defects, and slip defects. In a preferred embodiment, the wafer is inspected for slip defects, with the crystallographic-defect-identifying layer being selectively deposited over such defects and not appreciably over other regions of the wafer as described below. Inspection of the wafer can take place through a visual inspection or through automated inspection.

[0023] In a preferred chemical vapor depositing embodiment, the depositing of the silicon-containing material comprises exposing the substrate to chemical vapor depositing conditions within a hot wall low pressure reactor, effective to deposit the silicon-containing material. A gaseous precursor of silicon is fed into the reactor under conditions which are effective to deposit the silicon-containing material. Exemplary processing conditions are disclosed in commonly-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/023,239, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

[0024] Exemplary and suitable conditions within the preferred hot wall low pressure reactor comprise, in one embodiment, temperatures greater than or equal to about 650° C., and pressure less than or equal to about 100 mTorr. In another embodiment, deposition conditions comprise temperatures from between about 650° C. and 850° C., and pressure from between about 30 mTorr and 100 mTorr. Exemplary gaseous precursors include silane and chlorosilane. Specific examples include SiH₄, Si₂H₆, and SiCl₂H₂. A suitable reactor is the ASM 600 furnace, and suitable processing parameters include 50 sccm silane, at 700° C., 70 mTorr for 7 minutes.

[0025] Referring to FIG. 7, and with processing having been completed as described above, substrate 12 can be inspected to identify defective wafer surface areas occupied by the defect-highlighting material. Such inspection can take place visually with the naked eye, through the use of optical inspection equipment such as automated equipment available through companies such as Tencor or KLA, or through nonoptical equipment such as through atomic force microscopy (AFM).

[0026]FIG. 7 shows a plurality of discrete defects 18 over which are formed specks of visually-identifiable material. Advantages of the present invention include the ability to monitor gate oxide defect densities, cell nitride defect densities, and various other previously non-visually-perceptible defects.

[0027] In a reduction-to-practice example, oxide test wafers having around 1000 Angstrom of thermally grown oxide on a silicon surface were provided. One of the test wafers received a selective deposition after it was handled with a wafer-handling wand. The wafer-handling wand was utilized to impart surface defects to the oxide. After handling, material was observed both through a microscope and with the naked eye to be deposited within the wand's footprint and over surface defects, and not appreciably over other surface areas.

[0028] In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific as to structural and methodical features. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the specific features shown and described, since the means herein disclosed comprise preferred forms of putting the invention into effect. The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims appropriately interpreted in accordance with the doctrine of equivalents. 

1. A semiconductor defect detection method comprising: providing a semiconductor wafer in process; depositing a material over the wafer, the material being discernably deposited over defective wafer surface areas and not appreciably deposited over nondefective wafer surface areas; and identifying defective wafer surface areas.
 2. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 1 , wherein the depositing of the material over the wafer comprises chemical vapor depositing a silicon-containing material.
 3. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 1 , wherein the depositing of the material over the wafer comprises chemical vapor depositing polysilicon.
 4. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 1 , wherein the providing of the semiconductor wafer comprises providing an outer surface portion comprising an insulative material over which the depositing of said material takes place.
 5. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 1 further comprising prior to the depositing of the material, forming an oxide layer over at least a portion of the wafer.
 6. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 1 further comprising prior to the depositing of the material, forming a gate oxide layer over at least a portion of the wafer.
 7. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 1 further comprising prior to the depositing of the material, forming an oxide layer over at least a portion of the wafer, and wherein the depositing of the material over the wafer comprises chemical vapor depositing a silicon-containing material on the oxide layer.
 8. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 1 further comprising prior to the depositing of the material, forming a gate oxide layer over at least a portion of the wafer, and wherein the depositing of the material over the wafer comprises chemical vapor depositing a silicon-containing material on the gate oxide layer.
 9. A semiconductor processing method comprising: providing a semiconductor wafer; forming a crystallographic-defect-identifying layer over the wafer; and inspecting the semiconductor wafer for crystallographic defects which are set off by the crystallographic-defect-identifying layer.
 10. The semiconductor processing method of claim 9 , wherein the forming of the crystallographic-defect-identifying layer comprises selectively depositing the crystallographic-defect-identifying layer over crystallographic defects and not appreciably over other regions of the wafer.
 11. The semiconductor processing method of claim 9 , wherein the forming of the crystallographic-defect-identifying layer comprises selectively depositing the crystallographic-defect-identifying layer over crystallographic defects and not appreciably over other regions of the wafer, the crystallographic-defect-identifying layer comprising a silicon-containing material.
 12. The semiconductor processing method of claim 9 , wherein the inspecting of the semiconductor wafer for the crystallographic defects comprises inspecting the wafer for slip defects.
 13. The semiconductor processing method of claim 9 , wherein the inspecting of the semiconductor wafer for the crystallographic defects comprises visually inspecting the wafer.
 14. The semiconductor processing method of claim 9 , wherein the inspecting of the semiconductor wafer for the crystallographic defects comprises visually inspecting the wafer for slip defects.
 15. The semiconductor processing method of claim 9 , wherein: the forming of the crystallographic-defect-identifying layer comprises selectively depositing the crystallographic-defect-identifying layer over crystallographic defects and not appreciably over other regions of the wafer; and the inspecting of the semiconductor wafer for the crystallographic defects comprises visually inspecting the wafer.
 16. The semiconductor processing method of claim 9 , wherein the forming of the crystallographic-defect-identifying layer comprises selectively depositing the crystallographic-defect-identifying layer over crystallographic defects and not appreciably over other regions of the wafer; and the inspecting of the semiconductor wafer for the crystallographic defects comprises visually inspecting the wafer for slip defects.
 17. A semiconductor defect detection method comprising: providing a substrate having an exposed region containing surface defects; substantially selectively depositing a defect-highlighting material layer over the surface defects and not appreciably over other exposed regions; and inspecting the substrate for the deposited defect-highlighting material.
 18. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 17 , wherein the providing of the substrate having an exposed region comprises providing an exposed region comprising insulative material.
 19. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 17 , wherein the providing of the substrate having an exposed region comprises providing an exposed region comprising oxide material.
 20. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 17 , wherein the providing of the substrate having an exposed region comprises providing an exposed region comprising gate oxide material.
 21. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 17 , wherein the depositing of the defect-highlighting material comprises depositing a silicon-containing material.
 22. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 17 , wherein the depositing of the defect-highlighting material comprises depositing polysilicon.
 23. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 17 , wherein the depositing of the defect-highlighting material comprises chemical vapor depositing polysilicon.
 24. The semiconductor defect detection method of claim 17 , wherein the surface defects comprise a plurality of discrete defects and the depositing of the defect-highlighting material comprises forming specks of visually-identifiable material over the discrete defects.
 25. A semiconductor processing method comprising: forming a dielectric layer over a substrate outer surface; processing the substrate in a manner which can give rise to a plurality of randomly-distributed dielectric layer features; exposing the substrate to deposition conditions which substantially selectively deposit a silicon-containing material over any of said randomly-distributed dielectric layer features and not over other substrate areas; and inspecting the substrate for any of said selectively-deposited silicon-containing material.
 26. The semiconductor processing method of claim 25 , wherein the forming of the dielectric layer comprises forming an oxide layer over the substrate outer surface.
 27. The semiconductor processing method of claim 25 , wherein the exposing of the substrate comprises exposing the substrate to chemical vapor depositing conditions effective to deposit the silicon-containing material.
 28. The semiconductor processing method of claim 25 , wherein the exposing of the substrate comprises: providing the substrate within a chemical vapor deposition reactor; and feeding a gaseous precursor of silicon into the reactor under conditions effective to deposit the silicon-containing material.
 29. The semiconductor processing method of claim 25 , wherein the exposing of the substrate comprises: providing the substrate within a hot wall low pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor; and feeding a gaseous precursor of silicon into the reactor under conditions effective to deposit the silicon-containing material.
 30. The semiconductor processing method of claim 25 , wherein the exposing of the substrate comprises: providing the substrate within a chemical vapor deposition reactor; and feeding a gaseous precursor of silicon into the reactor under conditions effective to deposit the silicon-containing material, wherein the conditions comprise temperature greater than or equal to about 650° C., and pressure less than or equal to about 100 mTorr.
 31. The semiconductor processing method of claim 25 , wherein the exposing of the substrate comprises: providing the substrate within a chemical vapor deposition reactor; and feeding a gaseous precursor of silicon into the reactor under conditions effective to deposit the silicon-containing material, wherein the conditions comprise temperature between about 650° C. and 850° C., and pressure between about 30 mTorr and 100 mTorr.
 32. The semiconductor processing method of claim 25 , wherein the exposing of the substrate comprises: providing the substrate within a chemical vapor deposition reactor; and feeding a gaseous precursor of silicon into the reactor under conditions effective to deposit the silicon-containing material, the gaseous precursor comprising a silane.
 33. The semiconductor processing method of claim 25 , wherein the exposing of the substrate comprises: providing the substrate within a chemical vapor deposition reactor; and feeding a gaseous precursor of silicon into the reactor under conditions effective to deposit the silicon-containing material, the gaseous precursor comprising a chlorosilane.
 34. The semiconductor processing method of claim 25 , wherein the exposing of the substrate comprises: providing the substrate within a hot wall low pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor; and feeding a gaseous precursor of silicon into the reactor under conditions effective to deposit the silicon-containing material, wherein the conditions comprise temperature greater than or equal to about 650° C., and pressure less than or equal to about 100 mTorr.
 35. The semiconductor processing method of claim 25 , wherein the exposing of the substrate comprises: providing the substrate within a hot wall low pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor; and feeding a gaseous precursor of silicon into the reactor under conditions effective to deposit the silicon-containing material, wherein the conditions comprise temperature between about 650° C. and 850° C., and pressure between about 30 mTorr and 100 mTorr.
 36. The semiconductor processing method of claim 25 , wherein the exposing of the substrate comprises: providing the substrate within a chemical vapor deposition reactor; and feeding a gaseous precursor of silicon into the reactor under conditions effective to deposit polysilicon, wherein the conditions comprise temperature greater than or equal to about 650° C., and pressure less than or equal to about 100 mTorr.
 37. The semiconductor processing method of claim 25 , wherein the exposing of the substrate comprises: providing the substrate within a chemical vapor deposition reactor; and feeding a gaseous precursor of silicon into the reactor under conditions effective to deposit polysilicon, wherein the conditions comprise temperature between about 650° C. and 850° C., and pressure between about 30 mTorr and 100 mTorr.
 38. A semiconductor processing method comprising: forming a dielectric layer over a substrate outer surface, the dielectric layer having at least two discrete dielectric layer features which are desired to be identified; and substantially selectively depositing a material over the substrate in a manner which highlights the at least two discrete dielectric layer features from other substrate area.
 39. The semiconductor processing method of claim 38 , wherein the forming of the dielectric layer comprises forming an oxide layer over the substrate outer surface.
 40. The semiconductor processing method of claim 38 , wherein the forming of the dielectric layer comprises forming a gate oxide layer over the substrate outer surface.
 41. The semiconductor processing method of claim 38 , wherein the depositing of the material over the substrate comprises depositing a silicon-containing material over the substrate.
 42. The semiconductor processing method of claim 38 , wherein the depositing of the material over the substrate comprises depositing polysilicon over the substrate.
 43. The semiconductor processing method of claim 38 , wherein the depositing of the material over the substrate comprises chemical vapor depositing a silicon-containing material over the substrate.
 44. The semiconductor processing method of claim 38 , wherein the depositing of the material over the substrate comprises: providing the substrate within a chemical vapor deposition reactor; and feeding a gaseous precursor of silicon into the reactor under conditions effective to deposit a silicon-containing material.
 45. The semiconductor processing method of claim 38 , wherein the depositing of the material over the substrate comprises: providing the substrate within a hot wall low pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor; and feeding a gaseous precursor of silicon into the reactor under conditions effective to deposit a silicon-containing material, wherein the conditions comprise temperature between about 650° C. and 850° C., and pressure between about 30 mTorr and 100 mTorr. 